So what about a habitable moon around a distant gas giant? Kipping (University College London) has now gone to work on the question in relation to the Kepler space telescope. His findings are striking: A Saturn-sized planet in the habitable zone of an M-dwarf star would allow the detection of an exomoon down to 0.2 Earth masses.
Now that sounds unusual, given that Kepler can’t find planets of such small size. How, then, does Kipping hope to find exomoons at this scale? The answer is that an exomoon detection depends on two measurements, neither of which demands observing the dip in starlight caused by the moon itself. What Kipping’s team is looking for is the effect the moon has on the planet, and the transit of that Saturn-class world around an M-dwarf is something Kepler can work with.
The method relies on two sets of observations, the first being transit timing — variations in the amount of time it takes a transiting planet to complete its orbit can be the signal of a moon. Add transit timing variation to the second measurement — transit duration — and you can nail down the presence of that moon. Transit duration measures the speed at which the planet actually passes in front of the star. Detecting Life-Friendly Moons, on the Astrobiology Magazine site, explains that the two signals occur separately when a moon is involved, screening out other possible causes.
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
Finding habitable moons around gas giants
Apparently easier that thought. [Link]
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